2004 Pioneered direct detection for TEM

Xuong NH, Milazzo AC, LeBlanc P, Duttweiler F, Bouwer J, Peltier S, Ellisman M, Denes P, Bieser F, Matis HS, Wieman H, Kleinfelder S. “First use of a high-sensitivity active pixel sensor array as a detector for electron microscopy.” Proceedings of the SPIE 5301, 242–249 (2004). View Publication.

 

2008 Introduced drift correction using the movies from a direct detector

Ibid.

 

2008 First to demonstrate electron tomography with a direct detector

Jin L, Milazzo AC, Kleinfelder S, Li S, Leblanc P, Duttweiler F, Bouwer JC, Peltier ST, Ellisman MH, Xuong NH. “Applications of direct detection device in transmission electron microscopy.” Journal of Structural Biology 161, 352-358 (2008). View Publication.

 

2009 Introduced single electron counting with a direct detection camera

Jin L. “Direct detection in transmission electron microscopy.” Dissertation, University of California San Diego (2009). View Publication.

 

2010 Introduced the DE-12 as the first commercial direct detector for TEM

Reference: L. Jin & R. Bilhorn, Microsc. Microanal. 16 (Suppl 2), 854-855 (2010). View Publication.

 

2011 First demonstration of a cryo-EM 3D reconstruction using a direct detector

Milazzo AC, Cheng A, Moeller A, Lyumkis D, Jacovetty E, Polukas J, Ellisman MH, Xuong NH, Carragher B, Potter CS. “Initial evaluation of a direct detection device detector for single particle cryo-electron microscopy.” Journal of Structural Biology 176, 404-408 (2011). View Publication.

 

2012 First to directly visualize beam-induced specimen movement of cryo specimens

Brilot AF, Chen JZ, Cheng A, Pan J, Harrison SC, Potter CS, Carragher B, Henderson R, Grigorieff N. “Beam-induced motion of vitrified specimen on holey carbon film.” Journal of Structural Biology 177, 630-637 (2012). View Publication.

 

2012 Acheived breakthrough with cryo-EM 3D reconstructions reaching resolution beyond 3/4 Nyquist

Bammes BE, Rochat RH, Jakana J, Chen DH, Chiu W. “Direct electron detection yields cryo-EM reconstructions at resolutions beyond 3/4 Nyquist frequency.” Journal of Structural Biology 177, 589-601 (2012). View Publication.

 

2012 Attained subnanometer resolution 3D reconstructions using images collected at less than 40k× magnification

Ibid.

 

2013 Developed “damage compensation” technique (radiation damage weighted filtering of movie frames to improve SNR across a broad range of spatial frequencies)

Bammes BE, Chen DH, Jin L, Bilhorn RB. “Visualizing and correcting dynamic specimen processes in TEM using a Direct Detection Device.” Microscopy & Microanalysis 19, 1320-1321 (2013). View Publication.

 

2013 Acheived near-atomic resolution cryo-EM 3D reconstruction using a direct detector

Campbell MG, Cheng A, Brilot AF, Moeller A, Lyumkis D, Veesler D, Pan J, Harrison SC, Potter CS, Carragher B, Grigorieff N. “Movies of ice-embedded particles enhance resolution in electron cryo-microscopy.” Structure 20, 1823-1828 (2012). View Publication.

 

2014 Introduced the first commercial 8k × 8k direct detection camera (DE-64)

The DE-64 Camera System was announced at the 2014 Gordon Research Conference in Three-Dimensional Electron MicroscopyView More Information.

 

2014 Pioneered large-format, high-speed in situ movie acquisition with a direct detector

Zeng Z, Liang WI, Liao HG, Xin HL, Chu YH, Zheng H. “Visualization of electrode-electrolyte interfaces in LiPF6/EC/DEC electrolyte for lithium ion batteries via in situ TEM.” Nano Letters 14, 1745-1750 (2014). View Publication.

 

2014 Demonstrated energy filtered TEM (EFTEM) with a direct detection camera and movie-mode

Ramachandra R, Bouwer JC, Mackey MR, Bushong E, Peltier ST, Xuong NH, Ellisman MH. “Improving signal to noise in labeled biological specimens using energy-filtered TEM of sections with a drift correction strategy and a direct detection device.” Microscopy & Microanalysis 20, 706-714 (2014). View Publication.

 

2015 Developed first commercial MAPS direct detector for low-kV electron microscopy

The LV-126 was the first commercially available MAPS detector for low-kV EM. View publication.

 

2020 Developed first commercial photoblind sensor for a direct detector

The University of Göttingen used our photoblind sensor to perform laser-driven ultra-fast TEM experiments without background photon noise. View publication.

 

2021 First to develop and offer an event-based MAPS detector for electron counting

The Apollo direct detector was announced in 2021 after eight years of development. View more information.

 

2021 Created the first ultra high frame rate MAPS detector for 4D STEM (Celeritas)

The Celeritas direct detector for 4D STEM and fast in situ TEM was announced in 2021. View press releaase.